Trurls M - 1077 Words

Title: Trurl’s Machine Author: Stanislaw Lem As a boy Stanislaw Lem showed an early interest in science as well as in the imaginary worlds of fantasy and science fiction. The young Lem’s interest in tinkering mechanical devices of all sorts was put to use by secretly damaging the German vehicles during the Nazi occupation. Later on, he became a full time writer establishing himself as leading science fiction writer in Eastern Europe. This writer from Lvov Poland (now Ukraine) worked on serious themes as the purpose of life and relationship between human beings and technology. Characters: Trurl -He is a constructor who built an eight-story thinking machine. -He is so disappointed that his machine can’t answer his mathematical†¦show more content†¦Thunder and sulfurous fumes filled the cave and sparks flew from the blows of steel on rock, yet through all this pandemonium one could still make out, now and then, the ragged voice of Trurl. They heard an explosion and saw the machine, lay smashed and flattened, nearly broken in half by an enormous boulder that had landed in the middle of its eight floors. With the greatest care they picked their way down through the smoking rubble. In order to reach the riverbed, it was necessary to pass the remains of the machine. Without a word, the two stopped together in the shadow of its twisted hull. The machine still quivered slightly, and one could turning, creaking feebly, within. â€Å"Yes this is bad enough you’ve come to, and two and two is—as it always was—â€Å" began Trul, but you just then the machine faint, barely audible croaking noise and said for the last time, â€Å"SEVEN.† Then something snapped inside, a few stones dribbled down from overhead, now before them lay nothing but lifeless mass of scrap. The two constructors exchanged a look and silently, without any further comment or conversation, walked back the way they came. Lesson Learned: †¢ There’s a good side to everything. †¢ Don’t expect too much, it can hurt you. †¢ One must not hurt others, even the machines/robots, because we don’t know what will happen after

Geography Edexcel Igcse Case Study Chinas One Child...

†¢ In 1970, China’s population of 830 million increased by 2.6%. To reduce this high rate of population growth, the Chinese government introduced ‘voluntary’ schemes, such as: ïÆ'Ëœ State-run family planning programmes. ïÆ'Ëœ State-sponsored advertising campaigns with the slogan ‘later, longer, fewer’, meaning marrying later, having longer gaps between babies, and fewer children. †¢ These schemes caused the birth rate to start falling. However, in 1979, the ‘one-child’ policy was introduced, meaning that couples who had more than one child would be penalised. Sometimes they would be sterilised or forced to have an abortion. †¢ If couples kept to having one child, they were given rewards, such as: ïÆ'Ëœ Cash bonuses. ïÆ'Ëœ Better childcare. ïÆ'˜â€ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Having only one child also means that families could provide a better education for their child, which meant that the new generation became better educated and therefore more able to find employment and escape the cycle of poverty. †¢ A better educated workforce also helped attract investment from TNCs later on and helped to economy to develop further. †¢ N.B the one-child policy was not the only thing that stimulated economic development. China’s communist policies relaxed, allowing more trading. This allowed industrialisation and investment from TNCs, which were attracted to China’s large, cheap labour supply, its large consumption and its good natural resources, e.g. coal. †¢ However, it has also had may unwanted consequences: ïÆ'Ëœ The Chinese tradition to prefer sons has caused widespread sex-selective abortion. ïÆ'Ëœ There are now 120 males to every 100 females. ïÆ'Ëœ Parents spoil their sons as they are an only child, and as a result he tends to be obese, demanding and delinquent. ïÆ'Ëœ And increasing shortage of women of marrying age has caused bartering (exchange of goods not money) for wives and even kidnapping of women to marry them in rural areas. ïÆ'Ëœ Young women are leaving the countryside and moving to towns and cities, as men are preferred for farm work. †¢ For these reasons, the ‘Care for Girls’ plan was introduced to change Chinese traditional attitudes towards the gender of women and reduce the

Was Guy Fawkes Framed free essay sample

Before Elizabeth I death in 1603, the Catholics had a rough time with the religious changes and after her death, thought they would have a catholic king. They got James VI of Scotland and soon to be James I of England. The whole catholic religion celebrated for they thought it would be the end of their religious troubles. Sadly they were wrong and it got even worse. He made the Catholics become Protestants and if they didnt he would punish them severely. This made the Catholics angry and so they plotted to kill James and all the protestant government.The perfect time to do this was at the next meeting at the houses of parliament. They would destroy parliament with all the people in it. They rented a house next to them and started digging a cellar under the houses of parliament. They stored the gunpowder in barrels under the parliament and waited for the day of the meeting. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Guy Fawkes Framed? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the day, Guy Fawkes, an explosives and gunpowder expert, volunteered to light the gunpowder resulting in suicide as well. He was willing to die for his religion and to help all Catholics all around Britain to live happy lives once again.In the morning of November 5th, he was caught by the authorities protecting the gunpowder from theft. He was tortured and executed in the tower of London the following days. How did the king know they were plotting to kill him? Many people take the information into consideration and think that the Catholics were framed. Firstly, many of the Catholics were known as traitors since England was at war with the Catholic country, Spain. It would have been unlikely that they could gather 36 barrels of gunpowder. Even if they did the chances of it being too old to blow up were very high.Secondly, a letter was sent to one of the members of parliament to stay away from the parliament on that day is believed to be produced by one of the kings officials since it had no signature. Historians suspect that a letter was the perfect tool for the kings officials who already knew about the plot from one of the mouths of the plotters. Jeremy Tresham. He was suspected to be related to the person he sent the letter to, but there is no evidence about this. When they did find the gunpowder with Guido Fawkes, they slowly found the other conspirators. Only one escaped capture Jeremy Tresham.In the letter there was no evidence about where and when the gunpowder was going to blow, so how did the king find out It is suspected that the gunpowder plot was planned by a king official named Cecil. Why would he do it? He would obviously want the Catholics to end their religion since he was a protestant and to do this he could turn the king against them so much that he would go to the point of killing them all. In conclusion I think that Robert Catesby and his plotters were framed by the king and his officials but even though they failed in killing James they are still remembered today for their life-ending story.

Wordschmidt Essay Example For Students

Wordschmidt Essay the translator, the actor and the poet are of imagination all compactat least for Paul Schmidt they are. A true renaissance man of the theatre, Schmidt seems anomalous in our late 20th-century world of micro-specialization: a poet who translates, a translator who acts, an actor who writes plays, a playwright who writes poems. But lest this conjure up an image of some dusty relic in knee-breeches and powdered wig, consider a few of his thoroughly modem accomplishments: acting roles in the Wooster Groups Brace Up! and Tom Kalins experimental film Swoon; a racy poem which accompanied Robert Mapplethorpes controversial X portfolio; a stage adaptation of Alice in Wonderland directed by Robert Wilson with music by Tom Waits; a Ph.D. from Harvard and an Equity card; theatre translations of Brecht, Chekhov, Genet and Khlebnikov for Liz Diamond, Elizabeth LeCompte, Joanne Akalaitis and Peter Sellars. We will write a custom essay on Wordschmidt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A tall, handsome man with a dignified bearing and liquid speaking voice, its easy to see why the 59-year-old Schmidt gets occasional work acting on television soaps. He is a literate, entertaining conversationalisthis careful diction and lively vocabulary are clues to a consuming passion for language. It is this love of wordsor perhaps more accurately, this love of the spoken wordwhich is at the bottom of all his artistic pursuits, especially his translations. Liz Diamond, who directed Schmidts translation of Brechts St. Joan of the Stockyards, calls him a poet of the theatre who loves language and the sound of rhythmic speech, in particular in the theatre. When Schmidt talks about translation, his views are never abstract and theoretical, but refreshingly pragmatic, rooted in his own theatrical experience. He likens the translators craft to the actors: For me, translating is performing and performing is translating. You have to be able to let someone elses words come through you, and not impose your voice. You have to find a voice. And to do that, says Schmidt, you need to use your ear rather than your dictionaryto listen for the playwrights voiceprint. If that voiceprint exists, say, in Russian, he continues, and I know enough Russian to be able to hear that voiceprint in my ear, then what I have to do is to recreate in American English a voice which echoesand I mean that rather metaphoricallywhich echoes the same way the Russian voice echoes in the Russian language. Thats an elaborate process, its very complex. One of the things that makes translating for the stage particularly tricky is that the translator must negotiate between three parties: the playwright, the actor and the audience. Whatever language I speak as the translator must either be the language of the audience, Schmidt maintains, or if it isnt their current language, be recognizable to them as an echo of what they already know. Theatre only works if the actors speak the same language as the audience. The language must be as natural in the actors mouth as it is in the audiences ear. And for Schmidt, that common language is American English. One of the constant stumbling blocks to staging foreign plays in this country has been the fact that most of the published translations are British. A play that is marked as British is, to my American ear, foreign. There can be a strangeness or a charm to the foreignness, but its there. When he worked on St. Joan, which Brecht set in the Chicago stockyards he had found in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle, he faced a particular challenge: Whats interesting about working with Brecht in English in his American plays is that hes already doing this fictional |American. In St. Joan, for instance, you have stockbrokers talking in dactylic hexameter, and so you have to keep the meter and still make them sound like American stockbrokers. .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .postImageUrl , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:hover , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:visited , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:active { border:0!important; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:active , .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5 .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u982f88eee52deb3fc501ee81744150e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dialogue in Bethlehem Essayas a fourth-generation New Yorker, Schmidt knows what America sounds like. Of Irish and German ancestry, he started experimenting with languages in high school: I remember reading the Aeneid and translating a passage into English, and then my focus shifted at one moment from understanding the Latin to writing something in English. It was one of those moments where you think, ahh, thats interesting. During his college years he continued acquiring languages at Colgate University not for career reasons, but because it was fun for him. I never had at any point a real clear sense of what I wanted to do, Schmidt confesses. His wandering interests led him to try acting, and after a year of graduate work in Russian at Harvard, he shocked his parents with the news he was quitting school to be an actor. Which is what he did, working in the Boston area, and landing his first Equity job in a summer Shakespeare festival in Cambridge. Then, in 1956, the 22-year-old Schmidt followed his muse to Paris, where he stayed for two years. While perfecting his French, he fell in with a group of actors from the Combdie Francaise and went to the theatre almost every night. Just when he had been accepted into a French conservatory to study acting, Schmidt was drafted into the U.S. Army and had to return to the States. It was the late |50s, between the Korean and Vietnam warsa safe time to be a recruit. Stationed in Texas (It was more foreign to me than Paris, Schmidt remembers), Schmidt was trained as a Russian prisoner-of-war interrogator in a period when there were, inconveniently, no prisoners of war. During war maneuvers, he would be assigned to the aggressor battalion, made up of American soldiers dressed in funny uniforms that were vaguely futuristic, vaguely Nazi. Armed with fake weapons and smoke grenades, Schmidts job was to get captured by the Americans, and then speak Russian to them. The fun was to see how far behind the lines we could get, and how much destruction we could wreak before they picked us up. It was all like a very funny improv. When he got out of the army in 1960, parental pressures led him back to Harvard to work on his doctorate, although he somehow managed to find time to keep up his acting, even doing a season at the Charles Playhouse in 1964. When in 1967 he was offered a teaching job in the Russian Department at the University of Texas in Austin, he accepted and spent the next 11 years teaching in Austinwhich was, in the late 60s, according to Schmidt, a real paradise, a hippie heaven. It was there that he also began to translate seriously, encouraged by his two mentors, Richard Howard and Roger Shattuck. His first major piece of translation was the complete works of French poet Arthur Rimbaud, published in 1975 by Harper and Row. But actually Schmidt kept up his double life as actor/academic, acting part-time with a Mexican theatre company and returning to spend several summers in Boston with the Agassiz Players, a classical company founded by director Tim Mayer, playwright Thomas Babe and producer Honor Moore. It was a remarkably talented group of actors, counting among its members John Lithgow, James Woods, Kathryn Walker, Tommy Lee Jones and Stockard Channing, to whom Schmidt was married for seven years. By 1978 Schmidt had received tenure (what his father had always wanted for him), but felt burdened by the concomitant administrative responsibilities and sticky university politics. He also felt a growing distance between himself and the students of the mid-70s, who were what turned out to be yuppies, he recalls. Its hard to teach people with whom you have very little commonality of interest. They hadnt seen the movies I had seen, I hadnt seen the TV shows they had seen. So he made the difficult, frightening decision to chuck the security of his life as a professor and return to New York and the vagaries of a life in the theatre. .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .postImageUrl , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:hover , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:visited , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:active { border:0!important; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:active , .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51280d2da2473a211e62238a6f4fcc5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Directors in Rehearsal: A Hidden World EssayHis academic reputation served him well in his new freelance lifestyle; about the same time he was approached by the Dia Art Foundation to do a massive translation project: the complete works of the Russian Futurist Velimir Khlebnikov. Schmidt was at first hesitant about jumping right back into such a vast scholarly project, but he eventually agreed: The notion of tackling everything a poet had writtenI had already done that with Rimbaudis a really interesting challenge. If you commit yourself to translating the writers entire work, you really have to think through the whole thing. You have to know, for example, if he uses that w ord there, when he uses it again, the resonances are all the sameits like three dimensional chess. The enormous undertaking, which gave him 10 years of fairly constant work, has been published in three volumes by Harvard University Press. but with increasing frequency he was drawn towards the stage, putting his knowledge of Russian, French and German to good use at regional theatres across the country. In 1985, with Elizabeth Swados, he wrote The Beautiful Lady, a musical about a cafe full of Russian poets of the 1920s, which was produced in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles. Peter Sellars staged his translation of Khlebnikovs Zangezi in 1987; the production, with music by Jon Hassell and featuring Ruth Malaczech, was performed in Los Angeles, Boston and Brooklyn. That same year his collaboration with composer Stanley Silverman Black Sea Follies, produced in New York by the Music-Theatre Group and Playwrights Horizons, won the Kesselring Award. He translated Genets The Screens for JoAnne Akalaitiss 1989 production at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, and his play The Bathtub, adapted from Mayakovskys 1929 political satire The Bathhouse, was commissioned and staged by the Empty Space Theater in Seattle in 1990. Some of his most recent projects have provided hybrid, collaborative challenges. He just joined forces with Theatre de la Jeune Leunes Dominique Serrand and Paul Walsh on an adaptation of Marivauxs The Triumph of Love for the Guthrie, which combined that play with another Marivaux play, The Dispute. Last year he worked with Robert Wilson and Tom Waits on an adaptation of Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland that came to be titled Alice. Starting with Wilsons initial visual ideas, it was Schmidts job to fashion a text from the famous childrens story. Although the task seemed daunting at first, the fact that the work would be produced in Germany helped: It was a little easier because I was working for a German audience who were not familiar with the language the way we are, the Lewis Carrollisms and the famous phrases. So I didnt have to worry about competing with Lewis Carroll. Schmidt decided to use the relationship between mathmetician Charles Dodgson (Carrolls real name) and his youn g pupil Alice Liddell as a framework for the fairy tale. The text, as delightfully mischievous as Carroll without copying him, puts Alice in Wonderland in poetic, not sociological, relationship to Alice Liddell, illuminating a wild fantasy world through the looking glass of Victorian England: ALICE: Chase the chickens, choke the child.

Battle of Olustee in the Civil War

Battle of Olustee in the Civil War Battle of Olustee - Conflict Date: The Battle of Olustee was fought February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Brigadier General Truman Seymour5,500 men Confederate Brigadier General Joseph Finegan5,000 men Battle of Olustee - Background: Thwarted in his efforts to reduce Charleston, SC in 1863, including defeats at Fort Wagner, Major General Quincy A. Gillmore, commander of the Union Department of the South, turned his eye towards to Jacksonville, FL. Planning an expedition to the area, he intended to extend Union control over northeastern Florida and prevent supplies from the region reaching Confederate forces elsewhere. Submitting his plans to the Union leadership in Washington, they were approved as the Lincoln Administration hoped to restore a loyal government to Florida before the election that November. Embarking around 6,000 men, Gillmore entrusted operational control of the expedition to Brigadier General Truman Seymour, a veteran of major battles such as Gaines Mill, Second Manassas, and Antietam. Steaming south, Union forces landed and occupied Jacksonville on February 7. The next day, Gillmore and Seymours troops began advancing west and occupied Ten Mile Run. Over the next week, Union forces raided as far as Lake City while officials arrived in Jacksonville to start the process of forming a new government. During this time, the two Union commanders began arguing over the scope of Union operations. While Gillmore pressed for the occupation of Lake City and a possible advance to the Suwannee River to destroy the railroad bridge there, Seymour reported that neither was advisable and that Unionist sentiment in the region was minimal. As a result, Gillmore directed Seymour to concentrate his forced west of the city at Baldwin. Meeting on the 14th, he further directed his subordinate to fortify Jacksonville, Baldwin, and Barbers Plantation. Battle of Olustee - The Confederate Response: Appointing Seymour as commander of the District of Florida, Gillmore departed for his headquarters at Hilton Head, SC on February 15 and directed that no advance into the interior be made without his permission. Opposing the Union efforts was Brigadier General Joseph Finegan who led the District of East Florida. An Irish immigrant and an enlisted veteran of the prewar US Army, he possessed around 1,500 men with which to defend the region. Unable to directly oppose Seymour in the days after the landings, Finegans men skirmished with Union forces where possible. In an effort to counter the Union threat, he requested reinforcements from General P.G.T. Beauregard who commanded the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Responding to his subordinates needs, Beauregard sent contingents south led by Brigadier General Alfred Colquitt and Colonel George Harrison. These additional troops swelled Finegans force to around 5,000 men. Battle of Olustee - Seymour Advances: Shortly after Gillmores departure, Seymour began to view the situation in northeast Florida more favorably and elected to commence a march west to destroy the Suwannee River bridge. Concentrating around 5,500 men at Barbers Plantation, he planned to advance on February 20. Writing to Gillmore, Seymour informed his superior of the plan and commented that by the time you receive this I shall be in motion. Stunned upon receiving this missive, Gillmore dispatched an aide south with orders for Seymour cancel the campaign. This effort failed as the aide reached Jacksonville after the fighting had ended. Moving out early in the morning on the 20th, Seymours command was divided into three brigades led by Colonels William Baron, Joseph Hawley, and James Montgomery. Advancing west, Union cavalry led by Colonel Guy V. Henry scouted for and screened the column. Battle of Olustee - First Shots: Reaching Sanderson around midday, Union cavalry began skirmishing with their Confederate counterparts west of town. Pushing the enemy back, Henrys men met more intense resistance as they neared Olustee Station. Having been reinforced by Beauregard, Finegan had moved east and occupied a strong position along the Florida Atlantic and Gulf-Central Railroad at Olustee. Fortifying a narrow strip of dry ground with Ocean Pond to the north and swamps to the south, he planned receive the Union advance. As Seymours main column approached, Finegan hoped to use his cavalry to lure the Union troops into attacking his main line. This failed to occur and instead fighting intensified forward of the fortifications as Hawleys brigade began to deploy (Map). Battle of Olustee - A Bloody Defeat: Responding to this development, Finegan ordered Colquitt to advance with several regiments from both his brigade and Harrisons. A veteran of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville who had served under Lieutenant General Thomas Stonewall Jackson, he advanced his troops into the pine forest and engaged the 7th Connecticut, 7th New Hampshire, and 8th US Colored Troops from Hawleys brigade. The commitment of these forces saw the fighting rapidly grow in scope. The Confederates quickly gained an upper hand when confusion over orders between Hawley and the 7th New Hampshires Colonel Joseph Abbott led to the regiment deploying improperly. Under heavy fire, many of Abbotts men retired in the confusion. With the 7th New Hampshire collapsing, Colquitt focused his efforts on the raw 8th USCT. While the African-American soldiers acquitted themselves well, the pressure compelled them to begin falling back. The situation was made worse by the death of its commanding officer, Colonel Charles Fribley ( Map). Pressing the advantage, Finegan sent additional forces forward under the guidance of Harrison. Uniting, the combined Confederate forces began pushing east. In response, Seymour rushed Bartons brigade forward. Forming on the right of the remnants of Hawleys men the 47th, 48th, and 115th New York opened fire and halted the Confederate advance. As the battle stabilized, both sides inflicted increasingly heavy losses on the other. During the course of the fighting, Confederate forces began to run low on ammunition forcing a slackening of their firing as more was brought forward. In addition, Finegan led his remaining reserves into the fighting and took personal command of the battle. Committing these new forces, he ordered his men to attack (Map). Overwhelming the Union troops, this effort led Seymour to order a general retreat east. As Hawley and Bartons men began withdrawing, he directed Montgomerys brigade to cover the retreat. This brought the 54th Massachusetts, which had gained fame as one of the first official African-American regiments, and the 35th US Colored Troops forward. Forming, they succeeded in holding back Finegans men as their compatriots departed. Leaving the area, Seymour returned to Barbers Plantation that night with the 54th Massachusetts, 7th Connecticut, and his cavalry covering the retreat. The withdrawal was aided by a weak pursuit on the part of Finegans command. Battle of Olustee - Aftermath: A bloody engagement given the numbers engaged, the Battle of Olustee saw Seymour sustain 203 killed, 1,152 wounded, and 506 missing while Finegan lost 93 killed, 847 wounded, and 6 missing. Union losses were made worse by Confederate forces killing wounded and captured African-American soldiers after the fighting had concluded. The defeat at Olustee ended the Lincoln Administrations hopes for organizing a new government prior the 1864 election and made several in the North question the value of campaigning in a militarily insignificant state. While the battle had proved a defeat, the campaign was largely successful as the occupation of Jacksonville opened the city to Union trade and deprived the Confederacy of the regions resources. Remaining in Northern hands for the rest of the war, Union forces routinely conducted raids from the city but did not mount major campaigns. Selected Sources CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of OlusteeBattle of Olustee Civil War Trust: Battle of Olustee

USS Randolph (CV-15) in World War II

USS Randolph (CV-15) in World War II USS Randolph (CV-15) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Company Laid Down: May 10, 1943 Launched: June 28, 1944 Commissioned: October 9, 1944 Fate: Scrapped 1975 USS Randolph (CV-15) - Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tons Length: 888 ft. Beam: 93 ft. Draft: 28 ft., 7 in. Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed: 33 knots Complement: 3,448 men USS Randolph (CV-15) - Armament: 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft USS Randolph (CV-15) - A New Design: Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were built to conform to the limits set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed restrictions on the tonnage of various types of warships as well as capped each signatory’s overall tonnage. These types of limitations were confirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions increased, Japan and Italy departed the agreement in 1936. With the collapse of the treaty system, the US Navy began developing a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which included the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting design was longer and wider as well as incorporated a deck-edge elevator system. This had been used earlier on USS Wasp (CV-7). In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new type mounted a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. The lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down on April 28, 1941. With the US entry into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Essex-class became the US Navys standard design for fleet carriers. The first four ships after Essex followed the types original design. In early 1943, the US Navy made several changes to improve subsequent vessels. The most dramatic of these was the lengthening the bow to a clipper design which allowed for the addition of two quadruple 40 mm mounts. Other improvements included shifting the combat information center below the armored deck, installing improved aviation fuel and ventilation systems, a second catapult on the flight deck, and an additional fire control director. Though dubbed the long-hull Essex-class or Ticonderoga-class by some, the US Navy made no distinction between these and the earlier Essex-class ships. USS Randolph (CV-15) - Construction: The second ship to move forward with the revised Essex-class design was USS Randolph (CV-15). Laid down on May 10, 1943, the new carriers construction began at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Named for Peyton Randolph, President of the First Continental Congress, the ship was the second in the US Navy to carry the name. Work continued on the vessel and it slid down the ways on June 28, 1944, with Rose Gillette, wife of Senator Guy Gillette of Iowa, serving as sponsor. Construction of Randolph concluded about three months later and it entered commission on October 9 with Captain Felix L. Baker in command. USS Randolph (CV-15) - Joining the Fight: Departing Norfolk, Randolph conducted a shakedown cruise in the Caribbean before preparing for the Pacific. Passing through the Panama Canal, the carrier arrived at San Francisco on December 31, 1944. Embarking Air Group 12, Randolph weighed anchor on January 20, 1945, and steamed for Ulithi. Joining Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force, it sortied on February 10 to mount attacks on the Japanese home islands. A week later, Randolphs aircraft struck airfields around Tokyo and the Tachikawa engine plant before turning south. Arriving near Iwo Jima, they mounted raids in support of Allied forces ashore. USS Randolph (CV-15) - Campaigning in the Pacific: Remaining in the vicinity of Iwo Jima for four days, Randolph then mounted sweeps around Tokyo before returning to Ulithi. On March 11, Japanese kamikaze forces mounted Operation Tan No. 2 which called for a long-range strike against Ulithi with Yokosuka P1Y1 bombers. Arriving over the Allied anchorage, one of the kamikazes struck Randolphs starboard side aft below the flight deck. Though 27 were killed, the damage to the ship was not severe and could be repaired at Ulithi. Ready to resume operations within weeks, Randolph joined American ships off Okinawa on April 7. There it provided cover and support for American troops during the Battle of Okinawa. In May, Randolphs planes attacked targets in the Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan. Made flagship of the task force on May 15, it resumed support operations at Okinawa before withdrawing to Ulithi at the end of the month. Attacking Japan in June, Randolph swapped Air Group 12 for Air Group 16 the following month. Remaining on the offensive, it raided airfields around Tokyo on July 10 before striking the Honshu-Hokkaido train ferries four days later. Moving on to the Yokosuka Naval Base, Randolphs planes struck the battleship Nagato on July 18. Sweeping through the Inland Sea, further efforts saw the battleship-carrier Hyuga damaged and installations ashore bombed. Remaining active off Japan, Randolph continued to attack targets until receiving word of the Japanese surrender on August 15. Ordered back to the United States, Randolph transited the Panama Canal and arrived at Norfolk on November 15. Converted for use as a transport, the carrier began Operation Magic Carpet cruises to the Mediterranean to bring American servicemen home. USS Randolph (CV-15) - Postwar: Concluding Magic Carpet missions, Randolph embarked US Naval Academy midshipmen in the summer of 1947 for a training cruise. Decommissioned at Philadelphia on February 25, 1948, the ship was placed in reserve status. Moved to Newport News, Randolph commenced a SCB-27A modernization in June 1951. This saw the flight deck reinforced, new catapults installed, and the addition of new arresting gear. Also, Randolphs island underwent modifications and the anti-aircraft armament turrets were removed. Reclassified as an attack carrier (CVA-15), the ship was re-commissioned on July 1, 1953, and commenced a shakedown cruise off Guantanamo Bay. This done, Randolph received orders to join the US 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean on February 3, 1954. Remaining abroad for six months, it then returned to Norfolk for a SCB-125 modernization and the addition of an angled flight deck. USS Randolph (CV-15) - Later Service: On July 14, 1956, Randolph departed for seven-month cruise in the Mediterranean. Over the next three years, the carrier alternated between deployments to the Mediterranean and training on the East Coast. In March 1959, Randolph was redesignated as an anti-submarine carrier (CVS-15). Remaining in home waters for the next two years, it commenced a SCB-144 upgrade in early 1961. With the completion of this work, it served as the recovery ship for Virgil Grissoms Mercury space mission. This done, Randolph sailed for the Mediterranean in the summer of 1962. Later in the year, it moved to the western Atlantic during the Cuban Missile Crisis. During these operations, Randolph and several American destroyers attempted to force the Soviet submarine B-59 to surface. Following an overhaul at Norfolk, Randolph resumed operations in the Atlantic. Over the next five years, the carrier made two deployments to the Mediterranean as well as a cruise to northern Europe. The remainder of Randolphs service occurred off the East Coast and in the Caribbean. On August 7, 1968, the Department of Defense announced that the carrier and forty-nine other vessels would be decommissioned for budgetary reasons. On February 13, 1969, Randolph was decommissioned at Boston before being placed in reserve at Philadelphia. Struck from the Navy List on June 1, 1973, the carrier was sold for scrap to Union Minerals Alloys two years later. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Randolph (CV-15)NavSource: USS Randolph (CV-15)USS Randolph (CV-15)

Read-Aloud Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read-Aloud Project - Coursework Example I know this because I have observed how they read when we read in dyads before. I chose to read Peggy Parish’s (1971) Come Back, Amelia Bedelia. I selected to read only one book because it is long enough for the reading session to last for fifteen to thirty minutes, depending on the questions and comments of the kids on it. From this read-aloud experience, I learned that selecting stories is not easy because of their different interests, communication styles, and literacy skills, but some generalizations can be made through using age-appropriate criteria. I also understood that children like humorous characters and plots; they want a reader who knows how to change voices, facial expressions, and gestures; they respond openly to the reader and their peers when encouraged; and they also want characters with gender and races/ethnicities that they can relate to. In choosing the text, I used common criteria to text selection that include reader and audience characteristics. This approach considers the interests and needs of both readers and the audience in the book. The criteria are the following: (1) I chose a book that I enjoy reading; (2) The book is something that the children have not read yet to increase their interest in it; (3) The book has a large text font that children can read even when they are a foot or two from me; (4) The book has pictures where characters have perceptible facial expressions and do a wide range of actions, and the settings have details and things that can be sources of discussions too; (5) The language is simple enough for kids to understand, while there are some challenging words that will help them learn new ones; (6) The plot can be something that these children can relate to; and (7) The story has lessons on work ethics, family bonding, and differences between idioms and literal

Law 2050 Consumers and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law 2050 Consumers and the Law - Essay Example Hence, today in order to protect the rights of the customers who are the consumers of the product and services, we have the consumer rights. The consumer Rights says that if a customer buys a product and is not satisfied with the quality or if it does not fit into the requirement of using the product or has a false claim, then he has the right to recourse either by getting the product repaired, replaced or a refunded depending on the concern and the degree of dissatisfaction by the customer. These rights also cover service contracts and online shopping also. The Abuzaid vs. Mother Care U.K. Ltd is a perfect example of violation of Consumer Rights. To understand the main issues of the case, a brief summary of the history describing the background is essential. The product, Cosy toes which is a sleeping bag which is primarily used for children and infants to attach the elastic straps with the push-chair, was brought by the mother of the claimant for his brother. It consisted on two ela stic straps which were supposed to be fastened around the arm chair securing the back of the person. The elastic strap (almost 7-8 inches long) had to be joined with the metal buckle. While attaching the buckle of the straps to the chair, the elastic straps slipped past the hand and the buckle had made a direct hit in his eye thereby causing a permanent injury. The accident was so serious that he had to be immediately taken to the emergency department of the hospital by ambulance. Hence, after nearly escaping to loose one’s sight a positive step to appeal for the Consumer Protection law was taken. A case was filed against Mothercare Ltd, UK under the Consumer Protection Act and the claim against damage under the Common Law of negligence on the part of the seller of the good. It was claimed that the cause of the injury was primarily because of the ‘defective’ nature of the product and the manufacturer of the producer should have been sensitive enough to foresee su ch implications causing such serious damage to the individual and hence the negligent claim was made under the Common law of negligence. The Common law of negligence states that if any individual has suffered an injury due to the negligence of another person. However, certain conditions need to be made to substantiate the clause of the Act. The ‘plaintiff’ must be able to substantiate proofs like failure to establish reasonable care, damages that has been made which is other than economic losses. Thus in order to be eligible for this claim the claimant has to provide proofs that the individual had suffered proofs that the individual had suffered personal injury or loss which was evitable as per the claim of Abouzaid ,the sufferer of the accident.. The defendant on the other hand claimed that the incident that had occurred was a sort of ‘contributory negligence’ on the part of the claimant. According to this Act the defence can retort on the claim made by th e claimant on negligence that the damage or injury was cause to the individual due to his or her own personal negligence and hence the manufacturer or the seller of the particular product could not be blamed or penalised for it. Mother care agued that the product cannot be claimed to be defective in the first instance. This is because when the particular product was made available to the customers, no such previous instances of injury had been reported. Further, at the time when the accident had occurred, in 1990, the consumers could also not expect quite understandably and

Environmental Pressures Essay Example for Free

Environmental Pressures Essay All companies have moments of growth and decline. As companies age, change in the form of growth is brought about (Palmer, 2009, p.65). Companies look for the increases in revenue and ways to create more revenue. When money is being made growth happens, new jobs are created, expansions begin and technology is heightened. Last week Time Warner Cable announced that there will be a new CEO, as the current CEO, Glenn Britt will be retiring. The new CEO, Rob Marcus talked about the growth pressures concerning Time Warner Cable. Mr. Marcus emphasized the growth potential of selling data services to businesses, which is the fastest-growing sector of the cable industry. He also said Time Warner Cable is working to improve pricing and packaging and is hoping to retain customers by improving products like outdoor Wi-Fi. Identity Pressures Identity Pressures basically deals with the way a company brands themselves. Time Warner Cable brands themselves as a reputable and customer based oriented company. Time Warner Cable is dedicated to making their brand number one in the fields of cable, high speed data and telephony services. A commitment is given to customers to provide them with the best products and services they have to offer. Dish, satellite and ATT U-Verse attempt to compete, but when it comes to quality service, products and the commitment given to the consumers there is no better way to for the company’s identity to be missed. New Broom Pressures Time Warner Cable’s adds new members to the team that attempt to make changes bit it is not necessarily for the better. In the HR Department this past year a new VP was hired and due Environmental PressuresPage 3 to some of her background being shared before she arrived, people began looking for other jobs, all the supervisors that were in place when I was promoted a year and a half ago, have left the company in order not to work under her. There are many people that are not ready for change. Under the new VP, a lot of changes have taken place when the department all for the better of the department. Everything is a work in progress however, the  necessary changes that were needed have been implemented and work has become a great deal easier. Market Decline Pressures Time Warner and AOL were once partnered to together, it appeared that AOL was in a trend of continuous growth, however AOL began to suffer a decline in 2002 due to the pricing of broadband services being charged at $50.00 per month and consumers not wanting to pay that much for broadband services. A need for strategic changes by AOL, including partnering with cable companies and other options that move it away from overreliance on dial-up services, (Palmer, 2009). AOL eventually began providing free services there are still some customers that pay for AOL services plus the benefits they receive for using the technical department of AOL if needed. Hyper-competition Pressures Within my company, hyper-competition forced them to move quickly and audaciously to test their policies and theories. Time Warner Cable decided to change the way they did business when they branched out on their own from Time Warner Cable, Inc. Hyper-competitive can have dynamic and unpredictable environments which requires flexibility, innovation and a creative organization, which can easily adapt quickly to the changing rules of competition. Therefore, Time Warner Cable needed to change and management was pertinent to that change. What was Environmental PressuresPage 4 Challenging to management was how they would combine the need for long-term sustainability with continuous flexibility in terms of how the organization technology would change if at all. Time Warner Cable needed to develop a high degree of dynamic capabilities, which was the center of meeting the tensions of the capability and structural challenge. The organizational aspects and capabilities goes hand in hand as enabler and at the same time facilitate a successful emergent change process in hypercompetitive industries. Flexibility Flexibility can be a reason for changes in the competitive environment in an appropriate and timely way. Flexibility comes from managerial capabilities  (management challenge) and the responsiveness of the organization (organization design challenge).Flexibility requires a constructive discord between change and preservation. Strategic flexibility is an increasingly sought-after competitive element in today’s fast-paced and changing world. (Englehardt, 2002) Reputation and Credibility Pressures Time Warner Cable has pride in their reputation. A company’s reputation can be damaged at the drop of a dime. All it takes is an unsatisfied customer to speak negatively about a company or bring up a potential law suit against a company. Time Warner Cable has a team legal team staffed in house at Corporate however, all attempts are made on the lower levels to diffuse the situation before it gets that far. It a company’s reputation is ruined, there is serious backlash from it, the company loses customers, hence revenue, potential job loss can occur and worst of all the company doors can close. Reputation can be in formation of customer loyalty (Nguyen, 2001). Credibility is major, if consumer cannot count on a company to do what it is Environmental PressuresPage 5 they say they are going to do, consumers will go else and not mind paying a higher rate to get what they want. Customers want to know that the companies / organizations are trustworthy and they can count on them to be there and provide them with the services and products they want. Environmental and Organizational Pressures that exist Time Warner Cable has and does face environmental pressures on a daily basis. There is constant pressure to change strategies. Time Warner Cable is continuing to engage in new markets, corrections of internal issues are made. Basically everything is controllable it may take a little while but things are normally resolved in a 24-48 time period at the latest a 5 day period. One thing that Time Warner Cable has learned as a company is that with organizational change, there may or may not be an innovational change. Financial Perspective From a financial perspective concerning environmental and organizational pressures, things could go either way, we try to predict the way things will work out from a financial view point but the economy plays a major role. Consumers are becoming very careful with their spending. If thing begin to look bleak the finances go down. When the market is going well and profits are in the upswing then finance is great. Environmental and Organizational Pressures Impact The environmental and organizational pressures have impacted me personally as it affected my bonus this past year. I have received bonuses a great deal higher than what I received this year. I was slightly disappointed but still happy to receive a bonus all the same. Part of the bonus is based upon 80% what the company does and 20% is based upon performance. My performance was great, the company did well be not as well as in previous years. Environmental Pressures Page 6 Assessing how the organization has reacted to the organizational and environmental pressures Time Warner Cable’s reaction to organizational and environmental pressures are to regroup, see what we can change and do it better and how can we as an organization best serve our customers. By going back to the drawing board, great emphasis is placed on training, management strategizes on how to best retain current customer and how to gain new customers and customers and providing customers with the latest and greatest products, services and technology available. Time Warner is focusing on customer satisfaction. Reducing Environmental and Organizational Pressures One way Time Warner Cable can reduce their risk is by nurturing their responses when it becomes a little chaotic the pressure may appear to be small but it is all in the way the company decides to handle things. Reduction can be made concerning with organizational pressures by paying close attention to growth pressures. The potential growth of a company can helpful but it is necessary to hire smart. Strategies One strategy I would propose is for Time Warner Cable would be to listen to their customers and their employees. By listening to their customers better  offers and campaigns can be built in order to give them customers what they are asking for. Listening to the employees will help to bring about better services for their employees health and welfare. Environmental PressuresPage 7 Reference Charles S. Englehardt, Peter R. Simmons, (2002) Organizational flexibility for a changing world, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23 Iss: 3, pp.113 121 Nha Nguyen, Gaston LeBlanc, (2001) Image and reputation of higher education institutions in students’ retention decisions, International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 15 Iss: 6, pp.303 – 311 Palmer, I., Dunford, R., Akin, G. (2009). Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Disneylands Fiftieth Anniversary :: essays research papers

Over the past fifty years, the Walt Disney Company has proven itself over and over again to the world. The Walt Disney Company as a whole consists of over twenty smaller companies: ABC, Miramax Films, and ESPN to name a few. Within the past half century the Disney Company has built eleven theme parks, three water parks, and countless resorts and hotels as well as a cruise line which cover the globe. Expanding from Anaheim, California to Hong Kong and Tokyo, the Disney theme park line expounds the globe. But let Walt Disney’s original â€Å"Magic Kingdom† not be forgotten as the globe celebrates the â€Å"Happiest Homecoming on Earth. Fifty years ago, Disneyland, the â€Å"happiest place on earth† opened to the public. But this dream was no snap of the fingers, no, it took years of hard work and money. Walt Disney, a man from the small town of Marceline, Missouri, had a dream. He wanted a place where both the typical American family could spend a day together in a clean environment and also that they may have some form of entertainment while they were together. Walt was already an accomplished filmmaker and had the funds he needed, of course not all of the funds. His proposed idea was no more than a small park right across the road from the Disney Studios in Burbank that consisted of no more than a train ride and a carousel. This was far from what Disneyland initially became but nonetheless, it was a start, and a start is all that Disney needed. Work began. Walt Disney’s dream had begun. One-hundred sixty acres of citrus trees had been cleared and several houses torn down in what would soon be the site of Walt Disney’s Magic Kingdom. Work was long and difficult in the hot California sun making construction take a lot longer than expected. Unlike Walt’s other project in Florida, which would not come until much later, the Disneyland project was by no means a secret. The ABC television company made a deal with Disney to allow Disney to produce a weekly show that was â€Å"coincidentally† titled Disneyland and â€Å"coincidentally† had Walt as the host. Walt saw television as an open market to promote movies or in this case, Disneyland. Disneyland the show was fairly cheap to make and produce as Disney already had the film equipment necessary for filming.

Amount Of Pea Seeds Marked Health And Social Care Essay

In the experiment a method of gauging the population size called â€Å" gaining control – grade – release – recapture † was simulated. The general process is to capture a figure of beings ( random sample ) and tag them ( without harming them or altering their behavior ) . They are so released back into their original population. The premise is that they will blend with the unmarked persons in a random manner. After a suited clip a 2nd random sample of the population must be captured. A certain proportion of this 2nd sample will be marked from the first gaining control. This is the same proportion as the original first ( marked ) sample was to the full population This technique assumes that birthrate, mortality, in-migration and out-migration is zero.[ 1 ]The simulation of the experiment was based on the exchange of investigated species. Alternatively of carnal persons capable of migrating and reproducing we used pea seeds suited for the research lab condit ions. In order to increase the cogency of the probe we divided into four groups and each of them marked different sum of pea seeds. The squads ‘ composing and their undertakings are summarised in the tabular array below.2Figure 1 – A image demoing pea seeds Table 1 – The squads composing and differences between the sum of pea seeds marked for each group. Number of the group Group composing Sum of pea seeds marked in the beginning Group 1[ * ] Agata Pydych, Patrycja Rybak, Inez Gordon 120 Group 2 Wiktoria NowaczyA„ska, Urszula PA‚otka 90 Group 3 Jakub Koenner, Joanna Tomaszewska 60 Group 4 Jakub CzerwiA„ski, Marcelina Doering 30 To get down with informations aggregation I am traveling to show the informations obtained by all the groups in the tabular array below: Table 2 – Complete informations obtained by all groups in the experiment Number of pronounced persons in the sample / Entire figure of persons in the sample ( A ± 1 seed )[ 3 ] Entire figure of persons in a stock ( A ± 1 seed ) Number of the sample 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Group 1* 31/343 27/237 20/317 37/334 28/311 1539 Group 2 19/360 18/358 19/335 16/347 19/355 1598 Group 3 13/351 13/336 13/324 11/364 20/360 1557 Group 4 5/335 5/305 11/301 6/314 8/320 1403 To get down with informations treating I am traveling to cipher the mean value representative for both figure of pronounced persons in the sample and entire figure of persons in the sample in each group severally. In order to find the mean values I am traveling to utilize the expression below.4where: x – is a value obtained in one sample n – is a figure of all samples in a measuring Mean – is the mean value First, I am traveling to cipher the average value for figure of pronounced persons in the sample in my group ( Group 1 ) . The mean values must be rounded off to an whole number figure as it represents the sum of persons.Example,Mean = = 28.6 a†°? 29 The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below. Table 3 – The average values calculated for the informations obtained in five samples Average figure of pronounced persons ( A ± 1 seed ) Average entire figure of persons ( A ± 1 seed ) Entire figure of persons in a stock ( A ± 1 seed ) Group 1* 29 308 1539 Group 2 18 351 1598 Group 3 14 347 1557 Group 4 7 315 1403 In order to increase cogency of my consequences I am traveling to cipher the Standard Deviation. The standard divergence is the step that is most frequently used to depict variableness in informations distributions. It can be thought of as a unsmooth step of the mean sum by which observations deviate on either side of the mean. As the investigated population is non infinite, for ciphering the standard divergence of a sample alteration the denominator from n to n-1.[ 5 ]The expression is given below: where: x – is a value obtained in one measuring – is the mean of the values n – is a figure of measurings SD – is the standard divergence Using the values recorded by my group I am traveling to cipher the standard divergence of the figure of pronounced persons and the entire figure of persons severally. The first computation is shown below:Example,SD = = a†°? 6.20 ( 3 important figures ) The value for standard divergence of the entire figure of persons was calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below. Table 4 – The values for standard divergence calculated for the informations recorded by my group Standard Deviation ( persons ) Standard Deviation ( % ) ( rectify to 3 important figures ) Average figure of pronounced individuals/ Average entire figure of persons Group 1[ * ] 6.20/41.9 21.4/13.6 Group 2 1.30/10.2 7.22/2.91 Group 3 3.46/16.8 24.7/4.84 Group 4 2.55/13.4 36.4/4.25 Having the information for standard divergence completed I am traveling to plot graphs demoing consequences sing all groups with the standard divergence indicated. The graphs are given below: Graph 1 – My group ‘s consequences demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars Graph 2 – Consequences obtained by the Group 2 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars Graph 3 – Consequences obtained by the Group 3 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars Graph 4 – Consequences obtained by the Group 4 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars On the footing of calculated informations for standard divergence I am able determine the distribution of this information. The Empirical Rule is a regulation of pollex that applies to informations sets with frequence distributions that are mound-shaped and symmetric: Approximately 68 % of the measurings will fall within 1 standard divergence of the mean. Approximately 95 % of the measurings will fall within 2 standard divergences of the mean. Approximately 99.7 % ( basically all ) of the measurings will fall within 3 standard divergences of the mean.[ 6 ] Hence, in order to find the distribution of values stand foring my informations set, per centum values of standard divergence must be multiplied by a factor of 2 as they concern distribution on both sides of the mean.Example,21.4 A- 2 = 42.8 The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below. Table 5 – Summary of information sing standard divergenceStandardDeviation( % )Sum of values of per centum standard divergence refering both sides of the mean ( % )Number of standard divergence within which the value falls harmonizing to the Empirical Rule( rectify to 3 important figures )Average figure of pronounced personsGroup 1[ * ] 21.4 42.8 1 Group 2 7.22 14.4 1 Group 3 24.7 49.4 1 Group 4 36.4 72.8 2Average entire figure of personsGroup 1 13.6 27.2 1 Group 2 2.91 5.82 1 Group 3 4.84 9.68 1 Group 4 4.25 8.50 1 Subsequently I am traveling to cipher the per centum of the distribution within 1 and 2 standard divergence. The expression for ciphering per centum is given below:7where: a – is a figure of copiousness of one value b – is a entire figure of all values % – is a per centum valueExample,The value calculated above represents the per centum value of copiousness of the information set obtained in the probe within 1 standard divergence. Subtracting this value from 100 % gives the value stand foring copiousness of informations within 2 standard divergence. Hence, 100 % + 87.5 % = 12.5 % The consequences are performed in the tabular array below. Table 6 – Percentage values calculated for copiousness of values within 1 and 2 standard divergences Percentage value ( % ) ( rectify to 3 important figures ) Valuess falling within 1 standard divergence 87.5 Valuess falling within 2 standard divergence 12.58Figure 2 – A graph demoing per centum of normal distribution tonss in each interval Aiming to cipher the estimated population size I am traveling to utilize Lincoln Index. Establishing on the undermentioned proportion: Where: n1 – figure of pronounced persons in the beginning ( presented in the Table 1 ) n2 – mean entire figure of persons in the sample n3 – mean figure of pronounced persons in the sample N – figure of persons in the entire population I am able to infer to formula for the entire size of the population which is given below:Example,The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the Table 7. In order to enable the comparing of degree of truth for each group I am traveling to cipher the per centum disagreement utilizing the expression given below:9Where: a – experimental value b – theoretical valueExample,The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below. Table 7 – Comparison of deliberate value of the population size and the value obtained via manus numerationEntire figure of persons in a stock ( A ± 1 seed )Estimated population size ( A ± 1 seed )Percentage disagreement ( right to 3 important figures, % )Group 1[ * ]1539 1274 17.2Group 21598 1755 9.82Group 31557 1487 4.50Group 41403 1350 3.78 Subsequently I am traveling to plot the graph in order to show in the graphical signifier the difference between the values obtained after holding counted peas seeds during the exercising and the values obtained after holding applied the Lincoln index. Graph 5 – The comparing of the values of population size obtained utilizing computations affecting Lincoln Index and manual numeration during the exercising. The standard divergence of estimated values and uncertainness of manual numeration is indicated on the mistake bars. Additionally I am traveling to plot a graph demoing per centum disagreement between values obtained after using Lincoln index and the values obtained after manual computations of pea seeds. The graph is given below: Graph 6 – The per centum disagreement between theoretical and estimated population sizeConclusion & A ; EvaluationTo get down with I can state that the values obtained are irrelevant. As can be seen on the Graph 6 the per centum difference lessening with lessening in the figure of pronounced persons which is contradictory to the premise. It is expected that the bigger figure of pronounced persons, the bigger cogency of the consequences. Such consequences are non triggered by inaccurate measurings which is provided by computation of standard divergence ( Table 5 ) . 87.5 % of the values of standard divergence autumn within 1 standard divergence on the graph of normal distribution which leads to a decisions that the spread of values around the mean is little ( Table 6 ) . This information suggests that the measurings itself are valid. Hence, the ground of such unexpected reciprocality lies is a different country. Notwithstanding, the major restriction of the process was excessiv ely little sum of measurings. Harmonizing to the literature[ 10 ], sing a sample investigated at least eight measurings must be undertaken. In conformity with Paetkau ( 2004 )[ 11 ], changing sample size of pronounced persons does non impact the value of estimated population size. Apart from this, with the addition of the sum of pronounced persons, the estimated population size additions, get downing from being underestimated, through cut downing this prejudice, up to a point where the values start to be overestimated.[ 12 ]Therefore, as the consequences are contradictory to the premise, the process itself must be invalid. It must be taken into consideration that the Markss applied by a marker could hold be randomly removed from some sum of pea seeds. The sum of seeds is impossible to find, therefore it can non be assumed to be the ground of such disagreement for certain. Another failing of the process is that in malice of that fact that each group used the same container to roll up samples it was hardly impossible to avoid semilunar cartilage mistake due to round form of pea seeds. Merely in the instance of liquids exact sum of investigated substance can be determined. In order to avoid this job the simulation of the capture-mark-release-recapture method could be conducted utilizing smaller and flattened persons like lentil. Further drawback was elongated in clip manual numeration of pea seeds. Although this is the lone method for obtaining information about the entire figure of persons in the stock it could be facilitated if more people were involved in numbering. Therefore, I would propose working in bigger groups. Due to uneven sum of pupils in the category my group was composed of three people thanks to which one of us recounted the seeds in order to increase the certainty. However, other groups did non hold an chance to obtain such support. It could be argued whether the process might be considered as dependable or non. This estimation of population size relies on a figure of premises. One of them is that population demands to hold really low in-migration and out-migration. In the instance of pea seeds the lone migrating activity could be noted when seeds fell from the tabular array which could be applied merely to out-migration. However, such state of affairs did non occurred in our experiment in important sum. It is besides stated that births and deceases are negligible, nevertheless in the instance of pea seeds this phenomena can non be taken into consideration at all. The seeds can non be analysed neither on the degree of their mobility, dispersion within a geographical country, mortality, birthrate nor conspicuousness to marauders.[ 13 ]Merely the premise that organisms mix indiscriminately within the populations can be referred to this simulation. Besides random halving of seeds can be considered as reproduction. It could be besides mentioned that due to utilizing pea seeds, ethical issues were conserved as investigated persons were non harmed by taging method. Another positive facet was that the method of capturing had no consequence on the persons. In existent instances where carnal populations are being investigated, being captured can be pleasant or harmful which distorts the cogency of consequences.

Eva’s death Essay

Also at the beginning of the play, Mr and Mrs. Birling come across as a well-off couple who are very well educated and in the public eye a lot when Mr Birling says to Gerald, â€Å"I could be in line for a knighthood, providing nothing goes wrong.† This means that if a scandal is linked with his family, then the public will turn against him, and therefore he won’t be able to get a knighthood. Because of this, the audience wouldn’t expect them to behave in the way they did, and when we find out what they did, and the affect they had on Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton, it’s quite shocking to see that they were both somehow involved in her death. And when we find out the reasons behind what they did, it changes the impression we get of them, and you see that they are quite selfish and take advantage of the power they have and who they inflict it upon. They are both quite wrapped up in their own lives, and anything that would lose them money or cause them grief, they take no notice of and dismiss the idea. Sheila and Eric are Mr and Mrs. Birling’s children. At the beginning of the play Sheila comes across as a bit childish and immature and maybe still relies on her mum and dad a lot when she say, † yes, go on, mummy. You must drink our health.† We get an impression of Sheila as being naive and shallow, but her comment, â€Å"last summer, when you never came near me,† which refers to Gerald, may suggest to us that she isn’t as stupid as she may seem. Eric seems a bit more mischievous and much more naive than Sheila, in the way he talks and how he acts. He seems embarrassed and nervous, as soon as he is mentioned in the play, as it says, â€Å"Eric suddenly guffaws,† and then doesn’t tell the other characters why he came out with it, which suggests he is nervous about something, which we later find out that it is the money he recently stole from his father, Mr. Birling. hI think Mr and Mrs. Birling are more ashamed of Eric and careful that he doesn’t do anything stupid to embarrass the family, but the family seem to get on with each other quite well, although you get the impression that there is some tension between Eric and Mr. Birling, when Gerald, Mr. Birling and Eric are talking about women’s love of clothes before the Inspector arrives. Sheila also has a link with Eva, who was employed at ‘Milwards,’ because Sheila thought Eva, was laughing at her when she tried on a dress that didn’t suit her. Eva was prettier than Sheila and the dress suited her more, which made Sheila irritated and envious of Eva, so she was guilty of a deadly sin, which was envy. Eric’s link with Eva was that he met her in the palace bar one thing lead to another and he got her pregnant, which made him guilty of lust towards Eva. Although Eric doesn’t seem very responsible he shows some initiative, as he was concerned enough to give Eva some money, which shows his priority was Eva’s future and not necessarily the consequences of stealing from Mr. Birling’s office. I don’t think the audience are too shocked to find out what Eric and Sheila are capable of, because they are young and quite naive, and they don’t seem to have much empathy towards other people, maybe because they haven’t experienced the things Eva has before. Their actions can be linked to their parents as they have a lot of power, so this may be filtered down to them, which they might exploit and take advantage of. By the end of the play Eric and Sheila have changed more than the other characters. Sheila feels extremely guilty for what she has done to Eva and frequently cries and sobs when the Inspector mentions Eva in the infirmary. Eric also feels guilty for what he did to Eva, he says, â€Å"the girl’s dead and we all helped to kill her- and that’s what matters.† I think they have both changed because they are young and impressionable, whereas Mr and Mrs. Birling refuse to take responsibility for Eva’s death to save their reputation, and they have never been forced to examine their consciences before and they find that they can’t do it now, and are relieved when they find out the Inspector wasn’t real and want to forget about it and move on. At the start of the play we find out that Gerald is from a family who are socially better than the Birlings. We know this because after Mr.Birling tells Gerald he has the same port as his father gets, Gerald says, â€Å"The governor prides himself on being a good judge of port†. Gerald is also described as â€Å"an attractive chap about thirty, rather too manly to be a dandy but very much the easy well-bred man-about-town.† We also know that he is the son of Lord and Lady Croft, and we are given the impression that they are not to keen on the engagement of Gerald and Sheila as they didn’t accept the invitation to the dinner. This makes us wander why Gerald would want to marry a woman of a lower status than him. Gerald was involved with Eva when he met her at the palace bar and let her stay in his friend’s empty flat in Bromley, as she had nowhere to stay, and he felt sorry for her. Eva, or Daisy Renton as Gerald knew her as, was his mistress for a time until she had to move out because Gerald was away on business. His involvement with Eva was different to the rest of the characters, because he actually tried to help her and did something good. In a way his actions are the most shocking because he is better-off than even the Birling’s, so you wouldn’t expect him to help out someone like Eva who hangs around in places like the palace bar, and you would have thought he would look down on people like her, and have no sympathy for them. I don’t think his actions fit in with the Gerald at the beginning of the play because he tells Sheila the reason why he didn’t see her much last summer was because he was busy at work, when he was with Eva at the flat, so we find out he was lying to Sheila, which you wouldn’t have thought he’d do as he says he wants to be part of the family and they seem to have a lot of respect for each other. Although Gerald seems moved by the news of Eva’s death, he isn’t entirely willing to admit his involvement with her, and this could be because of the same reason as Mr. Birling, that he wants to protect his own interests. At the end of the play he tries to come up with as much evidence as possible to prove that the Inspector isn’t real, which could potentially get him off the hook, if he could convince the rest of the characters that they had been hoaxed.

Build Your Own Style Guide

Build Your Own Style Guide Build Your Own Style Guide Build Your Own Style Guide By Mark Nichol If you have your own blog, or you produce print or online content for a company or organization, you need a style guide. â€Å"But I use The Chicago Manual of Style, just like you recommend,† you might tell me. Or perhaps you’re an AP Stylebook type, or you prefer some other set of guidelines to help your publication maintain editorial rigor. Good for you. But you still need a style guide a house style guide, that is. Perhaps you work for a health care organization that, like many of its type, prefers to style the name of the field as one word. Enter it in your house style guide. Or maybe you’re the publications director at the G. Paul Getty Museum, and you want to make it clear to others that the institution is always referred to simply as â€Å"the Getty.† Into your house style guide it goes. Do you run a Web site about posttraumatic stress disorder? Remind yourself, by creating an entry in your house style guide, that because site visitors are likely already familiar with the subject, you almost always use the initial form PTSD rather than spelling it out in each entry. But when you do, posttraumatic is not hyphenated. A house style guide is the place to record whether your publication uses the serial comma (it’s much simpler to do so), whether to use periods in initials like M.D. (it’s simpler not to), or whether to omit abbreviations of academic degrees altogether in favor of a medical professional’s job title (recommended). It’s where you document how to style numbers. (Spell out only to nine or ten, or to one hundred?) It’s where you indicate whether your Web site uses double hyphens, or codes em dashes. It’s where you explain whether headings are styled like headlines (most parts of speech are capitalized), or sentence style (only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized). In essence, a house style guide clarifies style that diverges from recommendations of authorities like Chicago or AP, or is not covered in those resources, or provides direction when an entry in one of them is ambiguous or ambivalent. But, you may protest, your colleagues won’t pay attention to a house style guide (staff writers are often notoriously averse to absorbing any guidelines editors may offer), and freelance writers can’t be expected to adhere to a single client’s idiosyncratic style while trying to keep others straight as well. Both points are valid but that’s not the purpose of a house style guide. It’s a resource primarily for editors, though any writer (or a staff member who, regardless of job title, contributes content) who demonstrates interest in the house style guide should be lavished with compliments and gifts and extolled to the empyrean. The house style guide is the authority for the organization’s gatekeepers of editorial excellence, who can count on it when their memory fails or when a colleague questions a style choice. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyItalicizing Foreign WordsOne "L" or Two?

Need Motivation Enter a Writing Contest

Need Motivation Enter a Writing Contest The most assiduous writer comes face to face with writers block occasionally. The hand tires of embellishing the 59th promotional copy for Kirks Paving and Tiling Solutions Ltd, the soul wearies of deconstructing the 16th time Joe Hero battles sundry demons. Creative juices dry up, creative muses leave the building, inspiration imitates a certain 1985 DeLorean and vanishes in a puff of smoke, leaving behind only the dusty smoldering ashes of a burned-out freelancer or novelist. So you seek a jump-start. Because you are a writer, and write you must. Disregard everything vague youve ever heard about writing competitions. Oh, tts just a lottery . . . mumble . . . Â  mumble . . . What? Dont let the fear of scams and swindlers hold you back. Not all contests are created the same. As long as youve done your homework Here are seven solid reasons why participating in a writing contest could be the smartest move you make for your freelance career this year: 1. That winning feeling . . . is such a confidence booster! The high you get when your work is acknowledged to be better than others is a kick like no other. Drugs couldnt do it justice. Its like orgasming on words. Reluctant to approach that high-profile agent with your debut manuscript? To hell with hesitation! Drunk on your contest success, you can achieve anything. 2. The tangible benefits . . . include cold hard cash, certificates, trophies and merchandise. That fresh brew definitely smells and tastes better in your new winners coffee mug. 3. The reverberations . . . can range from a hooked agent and a baited publisher, to a public reading, a slew of interested offers of representation, an invitation to a residency, a place on a coveted workshop or course program, an interview on the local radio show, and ultimately a shiny new book on the shelf with your name on it. The effects of winning a contest can be far-reaching and long-lasting. That writers conference youve been requested to attend as a finalist? Guess who will be first in line to pitch their new book to a host of agents and publishers also in attendance? You, thats who. 4. The street cred . . . establishes your bonafides irrevocably. Call it platform or portfolio, you earn the title of serious writer. You increase readership, build relationships, gain prestige. A glowing testimonial from an impressed editor can add stars to your limelight. An eager advertiser keen to give you his dollars can raise your game to a whole new business stratosphere. More exposure equals more sales. 5. The practical advantages . . . are not far behind. Submitting exclusively to a contest at a time allows you to rest a piece, and review it with fresh eyes later and make improvements. Working under a tight deadline, to a strict word limit, can hone your self-editing skills to a fine razor-edge, allowing you to cull words and cauterize verbiage at a moments notice. Â  All that practice makes perfect. Save on hiring editing services much? 6. The feedback . . . from judges can be invaluable. You can revise a short story all the way into a novel. A well-analyzed critique from a respected and experienced doyen of the literary industry is worth its weight in entry fees. 7. The motivation . . . obligingly returns. Ideas come flocking back in droves when youre presented with a theme, prompt or topical challenge. Writers block, begone! So the next time you feel like putting up an Out of Order sign on your minds doorstep and fleeing the whole sorry scene, stop writing. Start competing instead.

Parts of the Business Need to be Strengthened by Raft Furniture Assignment - 19

Parts of the Business Need to be Strengthened by Raft Furniture Company - Assignment Example There are various factors that seem to be influencing the organizational culture of RAFT Company. Such factors include The influence of Quinn and his co-founder Heinz Frye, whose influence affect the performance of the business. The development and the size of RAFT company influence its organizational culture are it is a small business seeking to expand through franchising in order to expand. The attitude of the customers towards the products of the company. The furniture of RAFT Company is unique and different from other producers in the market and therefore, is dependent on the role of the market. The forest-friendly nature of RAFTs furniture attracts most of the customers. Most of the customers are moving towards green furniture and therefore, are a great source of motivation for consumers who want to protect the environment by buying furniture which has been produced from recycled wood. While it was a great motivation of buyers to buy furniture because of the way it looked, this motivation has changed as more buyers are inclined to buying furniture that seeks to conserve the environment by preventing logging of trees. This makes such buyers responsible for their environment by buying a green option. Furthermore, buying green products becomes a habit for buyers thereby increasing the purchase of green furniture. Buyers are also appealed to the furniture produced by RAFT as it is a way of celebrating imperfection in art. The use of recycled teak wood in making furniture which is also characterized by imperfections such as natural marks. This attribute of RAFT furniture makes it artistic thereby appealing to people with aesthetic appeal. According to Quinn, it is warts and all the attributes of recycled wood that makes it beautiful.

Cold war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cold war - Research Paper Example Each tried to spread their ideologies to many countries as possible throughout the world, effectively dividing the free world between capitalism and communism. America was  lending economic and military assistance to the nations that agreed with its Capitalist  ideology, and Russia doing the same on the other side. This lead to division in, Korea which was split into North and South Korea, as well as Germany, which was divided into; East, for Russian and West for The  US and its allies; the extent of the division was embodied in the construction of the Berlin wall. The 25 miles wall was put up to prevent citizens of the East side from escaping to the west side. Hot conflicts also resulted from the war with the effects and losses being escalated by the backing of the superpower for each side i.e. in Korea and Vietnam. The war was hence fought in a variety of ways such as the arms race, with each country trying to acquire the most advanced atomic weaponry, the space race, where e ach of the two countries tried to make the biggest steps in space exploration as well as arming and supporting countries engaged in fighting with the other side’s supporters. ... From this point onwards both countries endeavored to produce as many weapons of mass destruction as possible mainly missiles, fast planes and bombs. New weapons were experimented on and, by 1960, both nations were working on mobile controlled missiles it was estimated that, by 1961, enough bombs had been made to destroy the whole world most of them by the two rival nations. They had bombs that could cause about a hundred times more damage than the catastrophic Hiroshima bomb had caused in Japan. 2 This had considerable financial implications since both spent millions in the development of weapons although America had the edge since it had a stronger economy. This led to the theory of mutual assured destruction  (MAD) which many claimed was the main reason the world saved from war, each of the two rival camps had so many weapons that if one attacked the other and the latter allies reiterated with nuclear weapons, there would be no winner, but both sides would suffer catastrophic los ses. Around 1970, the two nations were cognizant of the need to deal with the issue more flexibly and talks on reduced armaments begun in Ernest. The death or Stalin, a hardliner was also instrumental in ending the war as he was replaced by Goberchev who was more willing to negotiate with America. Russia backed North Korea in its attempt to invade and take over the south, and the United Nations backed the South, China also joined in the war and, for several years, the two sides fought each other with the armies driving each other to and fro, until they agreed to negotiate. This was; however, one of the conflicts between Russia and the USA albeit by proxy. The Vietnam War was

The Impact of Total Quality Management on Employees Productivity Research Proposal

The Impact of Total Quality Management on Employees Productivity - Research Proposal Example This research paper will is based on the concept of total quality management but it will take a detour from the common studies that have been undertaken in regards to this concept, which have largely been centered on management issues. Moreover, studies conducted by Creech (1994) stated that total quality management (TQM) is aimed towards creating excellence and due to this fact; it focuses on promoting the right attitudes within organizations and even implementing control measures in order to avoid costly mistakes. The detour will lead to a research study that seeks to investigate the impact of TQM on the level of productivity amongst the employees. Productivity in this context will refer to the performance measure of both employee effectiveness and efficiency. It will be important to conduct this research study because in a majority of the widely available scholarly literature there is very little mention of how TQM directly affects the level of employee productivity. This research gap provides a justification for conducting this present research study, as it will seek to establish the relationship between the fundament concepts of excellence or TQM and their direct impact on the level of employees’ productivity. This means that a method of a measure will be established in order to gauge the extent to which the fundamental concepts of TQM influence the level of employee productivity. First, Evans and Lindsey (2008) defined total quality management as a combination of socio-technical processes that are aligned towards doing the right things (externally), everything right (internally), first time and all the time, with economic viability considered at each stage of each process. In the writings by Goetsch and Davis (2010), they argued that organizations, which have  implemented TQM have always been able to undertake strategic planning in order attain the mission as well as make significant strides towards their vision. Goetsch and Davis (2010) further argued that such organizations are always capable of achieving a balanced set of results, which enables them to attain long-term as well as short-term objectives.

The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning Essay Teachers need to understand how poverty can affect a student in the classroom. Some students who suffer from poverty may come from homes with very young, single or low educational level parents. Their parents may be unemployed, have substance abuse problems or generally may not be good role models. Students might live in dangerous neighbourhoods or suffer from homelessness. They might move areas often; their parents may have had bad experiences with schools themselves and see schools as threatening institutions and do not value education. Perhaps they come from households where the parents are family orientated and loving, their only problem being lack of money. Teachers need to understand the family background to understand how to best assist the student. Teachers must be aware of the problems and difficulties poorer students face and make allowances and adjustments to the curriculum to provide them with relevant learning without detracting from other students needs. Pellino (2007) writes of the lack of confidence many children of poor families have and how many see the curriculum as irrelevant to their lives. She suggests modifying the curriculum in interesting, simple ways that will have value to all students in the class. This may include doing work on the effect of poverty, getting involved in community projects such as soup kitchens or simply studying the question What is poverty? It is important that these activities be followed with both group discussion and individual reflection to help children think critically about their experiences (Chafel, 1997). A good education is often the only means of breaking the cycle of poverty for poor children therefore a teacher must provide a curriculum that is relevant and challenging to motivate students and increase their opportunity for higher education and greater opportunity in life. Many students from low socio-economic households feel they have no choice or control over their destiny. They may be depressed, have a fear of failure or low expectations of their academic ability. An important task for teachers is to help students develop conative attitudes (Pellino, 2007). These are a desire to improve their life and an understanding that it is indeed possible through the creation of goals, plans and perseverance. It may be beneficial  to develop conative attitude exercises designed to help students identify what is important to them personally. Incorporating personal reflection in the curriculum may be beneficial (Pellino, 2007). This could include encouragement to write journal entries imagining what they would do if time and money was no object (Waitley, 1996, cited by Huitt, 1999) and then reflecting back on a mission statement. Students from low income families often need help to develop self-efficacy and a desire to be proactive in their life (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven Tice, 1998; Emmons, 1986). These are traits that are often lacking in low achieving students, particularly those from poorer backgrounds (Huitt, 1999). It is important for teachers to develop lessons that result in success to show students that they are capable of altering outcomes and do not just accept what life throws at them (Pellino, 2007). I found Karen Pellinos paper to be extremely helpful. It is comprehensive and includes an extensive reference list that directs the reader to a vast array of articles for further study. Reference list Baumeister, R., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., Tice, D. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265. Retrieved from CSA Illumina 14 June 2008. Chafel, J. (1997) Childrens Views of Poverty: A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching, The Educational Forum, 61:4, 360 371. Accessed from Informaworld 15 June 2008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131729709335282Emmons, R. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058-1068. Retrieved from CSA Illumina 14 June 2008. Huitt, W. 1999. Conation as an important factor of mind. Website for Valdosta State University, GA. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/conation.html. Accessed 14 June, 2008. Pellino, K. (2007). The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning. Teachnology. Retrieved 14 June, 2008, from http://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/teaching/poverty/print.htm.

Virgil’s Vision of the Underworld and Reincarnation in Book VI of the A

Virgil’s Vision of the Underworld and Reincarnation in Book VI of the Aeneid â€Å"Virgil paints his sad prophetic picture of the Underworld in shadowy halftones fraught with tears and pathos. His sources are eclectic, but his poetic vision is personal and unique† (Lenardon, 312). Despite countless writings regarding the region of the Underworld, such as Homer’s Odyssey and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Virgil bases his book upon traditional elements accompanied with his own vision of the Underworld and reincarnation. In doing so, Virgil’s book VI of the Aeneid serves as an exploration of Virgil’s concept of the Underworld and religious beliefs, one in which the hybrid of the traditional and the personal, create a more poetic vision than standard retelling of past illustrations. Following his entrance into the Underworld, with his guide the Cumaean Sybil, Aeneas is thrust into the realm of Virgil’s Underworld, beginning first with primarily traditional elements. â€Å"Now from the Stygian water the boatman, seeing them in the silent wood and headed for the bank cried out to them (lines 516-518).† Upon reaching the River Styx, the traditional river shades must cross to enter the underworld; Charon the boatman serves as ferryman to transport the two across the river. Upon progressing further, the two come to a fork in the road leading to two separate traditional Underworld realms Tartarus and Elysium: â€Å"now of a sudden Aeneas looked and saw to the left, under a cliff, wide buildings girt by a triple wall round which a torrent rushed with scorching flames†¦they came to places of delight, to green park land, where souls take ease among the Blessed Groves (lines 548-678).† Tartarus, the realm of torment, was reserved for those to be eterna... ...rgil creates within these passages. Because of the parallels with Christianity within the Underworld passages, and the notion of Aeneas as an anti-hero with false dreams, Virgil’s work connects itself with future works, inspiring Dante and future authors. As illustrated, the Underworld images Virgil leaves the audience with greatly questions the overall integrity of the epic itself, while not completely alienating his audience through the combination of the new and traditional within the book. In the end, the afterlife is a matter of personal opinion, mixed with tradition, and a dash of doubt and ambiguity. Works Cited/Referenced Fitzgerald, Robert trans. The Aeneid. Vintage: New York. 1990. Lenardon, Robert J., Morford, Mark P.O. Classical Mythology. Fourth Edition. Longman: White Plains, NY. 1991. pp. 312-327. Press, Inc.: New York, NY. 1967.